Treatment of human and mouse lung punches obtained from control, non-fibrotic lungs with either U-IPFexo or MF-IPFexo produced a fibrotic phenotype. A fibrotic phenotype was also induced in a human ex vivo skin model and in in vivo lung models. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of a systemic feature of IPF whereby exosomes contain pro-fibrotic miRNAs when obtained from a fibrotic source and interfere with response to tissue injury as measured in skin and lung models. FUNDING: This work was supported in part by Lester and Sue Smith Foundation and The Samrick Family Foundation and NIH grants R21 AG060338 (SE and MKG), U01 extracellular vesicles and uses thereof for treating and diagnosing fibrotic diseases (30309-001*), Family - Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of compositions comprising purified, enriched potent exosomes containing disease-based and therapy based signature cargo (130309-003*), and Family - Urine-derived exosomes from individuals with IPF carry pro-fibrotic cargo and impair tissue repair (130309-004*), PC, SP, XX, SS, ER, SH, JP, RS, IP No competing interests declared, JL ZenBio, SD participated on a paid role on the Scientific Advisory Board for Akron Biotech and roles on the Scientific Advisory Board for ICN2 and on the Board of Trustees for BIST. SD also received payments/stock options from Berg Pharma and stock options from Aanika Biosciences. Check Details has no other competing interests to declare, MT DSMB, provisional patent, NIH support, MG holds pending patent applications for Family - Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and uses thereof for treating and diagnosing fibrotic diseases (30309-001*), Family - Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of compositions comprising purified, enriched potent exosomes containing disease-based and therapy based signature cargo (130309-003*), and Family - Urine-derived exosomes from individuals with IPF carry pro-fibrotic cargo and impair tissue repair Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Type I Diabetes (T1D) Phase 1 trial (July 2019-present). The author has no other competing interests to declare embryos detected using optimized cryosectioning immunostaining protocol. The increasing use of the zebrafish model in biomedical and (eco)toxicological studies aimed at understanding the function of various proteins highlight the importance of optimizing existing methods to study gene and protein expression and localization in this model. In this context, zebrafish cryosections are still underutilized compared with whole-mount preparations. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos (24-120 hpf) to determine key factors for the preparation of high-quality zebrafish cryosections and to determine the optimal protocol for (immuno)fluorescence analyses of Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase and F-actin, across developmental stages from 1 to 5 dpf. The results showed that the highest quality zebrafish cryosections were obtained after the samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 1 h, incubated in 5% bovine gelatin/25% sucrose mixture, embedded in OCT, and then sectioned to 8 μm thickness at -20°C. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of phalloidin-labeled zebrafish skeletal muscle revealed that 1-h-4% PFA-fixed samples allowed optimal binding of phalloidin to F-actin. Further immunofluorescence analyses revealed detailed localization of F-actin and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase in various tissues of the zebrafish and a stage-dependent increase in their respective expression in the somitic muscles and pronephros. Finally, staining of zebrafish cryosections and whole-mount samples revealed organ-specific and zone-dependent localizations of the Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase α1-subunit. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study brings optimization of existing protocols for preparation and use of zebrafish embryos cryosections in (immuno)histological analyses. It reveals stage-dependent localization/expression of F-actin and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase in zebrafish embryos. polymorphism and environmental risk factors in sample of Algerian population with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence shows that genetic and environmental factors can influence neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) risk. The aim of this study was first to analyse the association of insertion/deletion polymorphism in VEGF gene and environmental factors with the risk of nAMD, and then to investigate whether these factors have an impact on the age of onset of nAMD in a sample of the Algerian population. METHODS: aloe emodin solubility with nAMD and one hundred twenty-four controls were recruited; standardized diseases and important environmental factors. Genotyping of VEGF (I/D) SNP was conducted using PCR-based assay approach, and statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS statistics RESULTS: A significant association was reported of age (p < 05), smoking (p = 02), alcohol (p < 01), hypertension (p = 04), hyperlipidaemia (p = 008) and thyroid disease (p = 03) with nAMD. Also, Thyroid disease may have a role in accelerating the development of nAMD in an earlier age in our sample (p < 001). No association was found between the VEGF – 2549 I/D genotype and the presence of nAMD (p = 27), neither with the age of onset of nAMD (p = 21).
Check Details|aloe emodin solubility
